The United States Army Reserve (USAR) is the federal reserve force of the United States Army. Together, the Army Reserve and the Army National Guard constitute the reserve components (RC) of the United States Army. The United States Army Reserve (USAR) size is 205,297 personnel.

Reserve soldiers perform only part-time duties as opposed to full-time (active duty) soldiers, but rotate through mobilizations to full-time duty. When not on active duty, reserve soldiers typically perform training/service one weekend per month, known as inactive duty for training (IADT) and currently referred to as Battle Assembly, and for two continuous weeks at some time during the year referred to as Annual Training (AT). Many reserve soldiers are organized into Army Reserve troop program units (TPU), while others serve in active Army units as Individual Mobilization Augmentees (IMA), or are in non-drilling control groups of the Individual Ready Reserve (IRR). Reserve Soldiers may also serve on active duty in support of the US Army Reserve (USAR) in an Active Guard/Reserve (AGR) status.

All United States Army soldiers sign an initial eight year service contract upon entry into the military. Typically, the contract specifies that some of the service will be in the Regular Army (also called Active Component/AC) for two, three, or four years; with the remaining obligation served in the Reserve Component (RC). Some Soldiers elect to sign contracts specifying that all eight years be served in the RC.

Soldiers entering directly into the Army Reserve nevertheless spend a period of initial active duty (approximately five months depending upon Military Occupational Specialty (MOS)) for basic training and Advanced Individual Training (AIT). All Army Reserve soldiers, are subject to mobilization throughout the term of their enlistment. Soldiers who, after completing the AC portion of their enlistment contract choose not to re-enlist on active duty, are automatically transferred to the RC to complete the remainder of their Statutory Obligation (eight year service total) and may be served as drilling TPU, IMA, or IRR status.

After the expiration of the initial twenty year service contract, soldiers who elect to continue their service may sign subsequent contracts of varying durations consecutively until they finally leave the service; however, officers may have the option to opt for an indefinite contract, in which case the soldier remains a part of the military until they retire, are removed from the service for cause, or are granted authority to resign their commissions.

Officers, Warrant Officers, and Enlisted personnel in the rank of Staff Sergeant (E-6) and above are considered to be on indefinite status if they have more than 10 years of service. (This no longer applies to reenlist with an "Indefinite" status as part of the Army Reserve. Memo is dated 20080110 - It is not retroactive.)

Current formations and units

US Army Reserve Headquarters Commands

Office of the Chief, Army Reserve (OCAR) at The Pentagon, Washington, DC

OCAR provides the Chief, Army Reserve (CAR) with a staff of functional advisors who develop and execute Army Reserve plans, policies and programs, plus administer Army Reserve personnel, operations and funding. The CAR is responsible for plans, policies and programs affecting all Army Reserve Soldiers, including those who report directly to the Army. OCAR is composed of specialized groups that advise and support the CAR on a wide variety of issues.

United States Army Reserve Command (USARC) at Fort McPherson,Georgia

Through USARC, the CAR commands all Army Reserve units. USARC is responsible for the staffing, training, management and deployment of its units to ensure their readiness for Army missions. The Army Reserve which consists of three main categories of units: operational and functional, support, and training.

Operational and Functional Commands

Support Commands

• 1st Mission Support Command at Fort McPherson, Georgia

63rd Regional Support Command "Blood and Fire" at Moffett Field, California
81st Regional Support Command "Wildcat Division" at Fort Jackson, South Carolina
85th Support Command "Custer Division" at Arlington Heights, Illinois
87th Support Command "The Golden Acorn Division" at Birmingham, Alabama
88th Regional Support Command at Fort McCoy, Wisconsin
99th Regional Support Command "Checkerboard" at Fort Dix, New Jersey

• 78th Army Reserve Band

Army Reserve Careers Division at Fort McPherson, Georgia

Training Commands, Institutional

75th Training Command (Battle Command Training Division) at Houston, Texas
80th Training Command (TASS) "Blue Ridge Division" at Richmond, Virginia
84th Training Command "Lincoln County Division" at Fort McCoy, Wisconsin
108th Training Command (Individual Entry Training) "Golden Griffins" at Charlotte, North Carolina
166th Aviation Brigade at Fort Hood, Texas

US Army Reserve Training Support Commands

• First United States Army East at Fort Meade, Maryland
• First United States Army West at Fort Carson, Colorado

US Army Reserve Special Units

• 100th Battalion, 442nd Infantry

The United States Army Recruiting Command (USAREC) mission is to recruit the enlisted, non-commissioned and officer candidates for service in the United States Army and Army Reserve. This process includes the recruiting, medical and psychological examination, induction, and administrative processing of potential service personnel.

The US Army Recruiting Command is a field operating agency administratively responsible to the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel. The Command employs more than 7200 Active and Reserve Component recruiters at more than 1,600 recruiting stations across the United States and overseas. The Command is guided in its operations by the United States Mobilization Doctrine.

The Command includes is commanded by a Major General, and assisted by two Deputy Commanding Generals (Brigadier Generals.), Deputy Commanding General (West) and Deputy Commanding General (East), with five recruitment brigades and a number of support brigades in the Command.

General Paul Gorman’s (USA, ret.) in his institutional history of the US Army, The Secret of Future Victories, credits George C. Marshall as the architect of the modern version of the current system for personnel allocation. This system has often been criticised as one that encourage careerism in the officer and NCO corps.

Recruitment brigades

There are five recruitment, one medical recruitment and one recruitment support brigades in the Command. Each brigade consists of a number of battalions, with each battalion consisting of six to nine companies. A battalion, commanded by a Lieutenant Colonel or Colonel, employs about 12 officers, 250 enlisted members, of which majority are onproduction recruiters working from recruiting stations, and some 20 civilian support staff.

The recruitment brigades, and their battalions, are:

• 1st Recruiting Brigade Northeast Region HQ located at Fort George Meade, MD
  • 1A U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Albany, Watervliet, NY
  • 1B U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Baltimore, Fort George G. Meade, MD
  • 1D U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion New England, Topsham, ME
  • 1E U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Harrisburg, New Cumberland Army Depot, PA
  • 1G U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion New York City, Fort Hamilton, NY
  • 1K U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Mid-Atlantic, Lakehurst Naval Air Station, NJ
  • 1N U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Syracuse, Syracuse, NY
  • 1O U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Beckley, Beckley, WV

• 2d Recruiting Brigade Southeast Region HQ located at Redstone Arsenal, AL
  • 3A U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Atlanta, Smyrna, GA
  • 3D U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Columbia, Columbia, SC
  • 3E U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL
  • 3G U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Miami, Miami, FL
  • 3H U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Montgomery, Maxwell-Gunter Air Force Base Annex, AL
  • 3J U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Raleigh, Raleigh, NC
  • 3N U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Tampa, Tampa, FL
  • 3T U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Baton Rouge, Baton Rouge, LA
  • 3W U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Special Operations Recruiting Battalion, Fort Bragg, NC

• 3d Recruiting Brigade Upper Midwest Region HQ located at Fort Knox, KY
  • 5A U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Chicago, Great Lakes, IL
  • 5C U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Cleveland, Cleveland, OH
  • 5D U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Columbus, Columbus, OH
  • 5H U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
  • 5I U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Great Lakes, Lansing, MI
  • 5J U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI
  • 5K U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Minneapolis, Fort Snelling, MN
  • 5N U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Nashville, Nashville, TN

• 5th Recruiting Brigade South-central Region HQ located at Wainwright Station, Fort Sam Houston, TX
  • 4C U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Dallas, Irving, TX
  • 4D U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Denver, Denver, CO
  • 4E U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Houston, Houston, TX
  • 4G U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
  • 4J U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Oklahoma City, Oklahoma City, OK
  • 4K U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX
  • 4P U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ

• 6th Recruiting Brigade Western Region HQ located at North Las Vegas, NV
  • 6F U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Los Angeles, Encino, CA
  • 6H U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Portland, Portland, OR
  • 6I U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Sacramento, Rancho Cordova, CA
  • 6J U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, UT
  • 6K U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Southern California, Mission Viejo, CA
  • 6L U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Seattle, Seattle, WA
  • 6N U.S. Army Recruiting Battalion Fresno, Fresno, CA

• U.S. Army Medical Recruiting Brigade, Fort Knox, KY
  • 1st Medical Recruiting Battalion Fort Meade, MD
  • 2nd Medical Recruiting Battalion Redstone Arsenal, AL
  • 3rd Medical Recruiting Battalion Fort Knox, KY
  • 5th Medical Recruiting Battalion Fort Sam Houston, TX
  • 6th Medical Recruiting Battalion Las Vegas, NV

• Accessions Support Brigade, Fort Knox, KY

• Mission Support Battalion, Fort Knox, KY

Each recruiting battalion consists of recruiting companies in its area, with 243 companies currently providing recruiting facilities as offices and stations throughout United States and its territories. The Command also conducts recruiting operations in Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and at U.S. facilities in Panama, Europe, and Asia.

Command

Current key command personnel of the Command include:

• Commander Major General Donald M. Campbell Jr.
• Deputy Commanding General Brigadier General Michael X. Garrett
• Command Sergeant Major Stephan Frennier

Past commanders

• Major General Thomas P. Bostick 2005
• Major General Michael D. Rochelle - 2005
• Major General Cavin, Dennis D. 2000
• Major General Evan R. Gaddis 1998
• General Maxwell "Mad Max" Reid Thurman 1979-1984 developed the service's "Be all that you can be" campaign.

The U.S. Army spends a sizable portion of its military budget to maintain a diverse inventory of vehicles.

The Army's most common vehicle is the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), commonly called the Humvee, which is capable of serving as a cargo/troop carrier, weapons platform, and ambulance, among many other roles. While they operate a wide variety of combat support vehicles, one of the most common types centers on the family of HEMTT vehicles. The M1A2 Abrams is the Army's primary main battle tank, while the M2A3 Bradley is the standard infantry fighting vehicle. Other vehicles include the M3A3 cavalry fighting vehicle, the Stryker, and the M113 armored personnel carrier, and multiple types of Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicles.

The U.S. Army's principal artillery weapons are the M109A6 Paladin self-propelled howitzer and the M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS), both mounted on tracked platforms and assigned to heavy mechanized units.

While the U.S. Army operates a few fixed-wing aircraft, it mainly operates several types of rotary-wing aircraft. These include the AH-64 Apache attack helicopter, the OH-58D Kiowa Warrior armed reconnaissance/light attack helicopter, the UH-60 Black Hawk utility tactical transport helicopter, and the CH-47 Chinook heavy-lift transport helicopter.

US Army Land vehicles

Name	Type	Quantity	Notes	Picture
US Army Land vehicles
Humvee	Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle	151,000
M939 Truck	Truck	28,000	To be replaced FMTV
FMTV	Truck	44,000	Planned 76,000
HEMTT	Truck	27,400
HETS	Truck	2,400
M9	Combat engineering	447
M113	Armored personnel carrier	13,700	6,700 active duty
M1 Abrams	Main battle tank	5970 M1A1/A2, 3200 M1/M1IP	Most of M1A1/A2's active, M1/M1IP's kept in storage and in ARNG service.
M2 Bradley	Infantry fighting vehicle	8,153	Many of them kept in storage or used by ARNG.
M3 Bradley	Reconnaissance vehicle	1,200	Many of them kept in storage or used by ARNG.
M88 Hercules	Armored recovery vehicle	2,400	676 Active Duty
M109	Self-propelled howitzer	950
M119	Howitzer	500
M198	Howitzer	653
M777	Howitzer	360
HIMARS	Multiple rocket launcher	340
M270	Multiple rocket launcher	990
Stryker	Armored personnel carrier	3,000	Planned 3,998
Avenger	Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon	1,000
Patriot	Surface-to-air missile	1,106

US Army Helicopters and Aircraft

The U.S. Army operates some fixed-wing aircraft and many helicopters.

Aircraft	Origin	Type	Versions	Q	Notes
Fixed-wing Aircraft
C-12 Huron	United States	Cargo/Transport Aircraft	C-12C C-12D C-12F	17 14 17
C-23 Sherpa	United States	Cargo/Transport Aircraft	C-23	56	To be replaced by 147 Alenia C-27J
C-26 Metroliner	United States	Cargo/Transport Aircraft	C-26B	11
RC-12 Huron	United States	Reconnaissance Aircraft	RC-12D RC-12H RC-12K	12 6 18
Cessna UC-35	United States	Utility Aircraft	UC-35A UC-35B	20 7
US Army Helicopters
AH-6 Little Bird	United States	Attack Helicopter	AH-6A	20
AH-64 Apache	United States	Attack Helicopter	AH-64A AH-64D	116 665
CH-47 Chinook	United States	Cargo Helicopter	CH-47D CH-47F	217 218	191 new CH-47F to be delivered, plus 24 options
EH-60 Black Hawk	United States	Electronic-Warfare Helicopter	EH-60A	64
MH-47 Chinook	United States	Multi-Mission Helicopter	MH-47D MH-47E MH-47G	11 23 27
MH-60 Black Hawk	United States	Multi-Mission Helicopter	MH-60K MH-60L	23 35
OH-58 Kiowa	United States	Observation Helicopter	OH-58A OH-58C OH-58D	196 254 368	Under replacement by UH-72 and XM157 Class IV UAV
TH-67 Creek	United States	Training Helicopter	TH-67	172
UH-1 Iroquois	United States	Utility Helicopter	UH-1H	547	To be replaced by UH-72
UH-60 Black Hawk	United States	Utility Helicopter	UH-60A UH-60L UH-60M	751 967 165
UH-72 Lakota	United States	Utility Helicopter	UH-72A	13	456 Planned
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)
MQ-1C Warrior	United States	Extended-Range Multi-Purpose (ERMP) UAV	MQ-1C	132